Comparison of individuals doing sports in indoor and outdoor areas and sedentary individuals in terms of vitamin D, body fat content, and obesity values.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the body fat content, vitamin D, serum lipid levels, and obesity values of individuals doing sports indoors and outdoors and sedentary individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The research was conducted as a case-control study. The case group consisted of 30 participants between the ages of 18-30 who did outdoor sports, the first control group consisted of 30 participants doing sports indoors, and the second control group consisted of 30 sedentary participants. Voluntary consent was obtained from the research group, which consisted of 90 participants in total. As inclusion criteria for the study, they were asked to be healthy, not have chronic diseases, to be doing sports outdoors or indoors, and as the control group, individuals who did not do sports. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire about their socio-demographic characteristics, vitamin D level, and factors affecting body fat ratio. RESULTS: 57.8% of the participants (52 participants) were male, and 42.2% (38 female) were female. The mean age of the study group was 22.26 ± 3.86. The body mass index (BMI) was 22.91 ± 4.06. Waist/hip ratio 0.76 ± 0.06. Serum values averages were as follows: calcium 11.74 ± 0.06, cholesterol 156.23 ± 32.34, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 48.68 ± 12.45, magnesium 1.83 ± 0.14, phosphorus 3.52 ± 0.78, triglyceride (TGL) 120.76 ± 56.25, vit 25-OH 24.71 ± 1.35, parathormone (PTH) 48.24 ± 2.95. BMI was 21.03 ± 2.94 for those doing outdoor sports, 23.51 ± 3.31 for those who play sports in the indoor area, and 24.06 ± 5.22 for those who cannot do any sport, the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Vitamin 25-OH was found to be 30.75 ± 11.54 in the outdoor sports, 21.59 ± 7.04 in the indoor sports 22.77 ± 3.16 in the non-sports groups and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.004). Total cholesterol levels were 150.63 ± 6.09 for those doing outdoor sports, 150.92 ± 4.56 for those doing indoor sports, and 169.61 ± 6.57 for non-athletes. Total cholesterol was significantly lower in those who do sports indoors and outdoors compared to those who do not (p < 0.02 and p < 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Sport has a positive effect on body mass index and serum cholesterol levels. Outdoor sports have a more positive effect on the vit 25-OH levels and serum lipid profile than indoor sports.

Irisin, Angtpl8, Elabela and antioxidants alteration in rats with and without energy drink and treadmill exercise.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of energy drink supplementation and treadmill exercise on the levels of free radicals, antioxidants, Angtpl8, Elabela, and lipid metabolism in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 28 male Wistar albino rats (4 weeks old, 101.96 ± 9.75 g) were included in the study. The rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: control, exercise, supplement, and exercise+supplement groups. At the end of the study, the rats were decapitated, and blood samples were tested for levels of Angptl-8, ghrelin, leptin, irisin, SOD, CAT, TBARS, total oxidant status, and total antioxidant status using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of blood lipids including triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C were studied using spectrophotometric method in an auto analyzer. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed statistical significance in TBARS, LDL-C, irisin, Angptl-8, and Elabela levels of the exercise group; SOD and HDL-C levels of the supplement+exercise group; and total cholesterol levels in the supplement group (p < 0.05). Although there were differences between the groups in leptin, ghrelin, and CAT levels, they were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As a result, it can be argued that treadmill exercise is important in regulating lipid metabolism and stimulating peptide hormones and receptors. Furthermore, consuming energy drinks without performing exercise or physical activity increases fat stores, and such increases in the critical organs and tissues may pose a threat to the body.